CARBOHYDRATES

► Structure and Biological importance:

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides

► Derivatives of Monosaccharides

► Carbohydrate metabolism:

• Glycolysis

• Citric acid cycle

• Pentose phosphate pathway

• Gluconeogenesis

LIPIDS

► Structure and Significance:

• Physiologically important saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

• Triacylglycerols

• Phospholipids

• Sphingolipid

• Glycolipids

• Steroids

► Eicosanoids and terpinoids

► Lipid metabolism:

• β-oxidation of fatty acids-

• a.Palmitic acid {saturated (C 16:0)}

• b.Linoleicacid {unsaturated (C 18:2)}

► Fatty acid biosynthesis

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PROTEINS

► Amino acids:

• Structure, Classification

• General and Electro chemical properties of α-amino acids

• Physiological importance of essential and non-essential amino acids

• Proteins Bonds stabilizing protein structure

• Levels of organization

► Protein metabolism:

• Transamination

• Deamination

• Urea cycle

• Fate of C-skeleton of Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acids

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